Airline Reservation System

Airline Reservation System Introduction Overview The Project aim to design and implement a working model of an Airline Reservation System. The project will be built and tested on an Oracle database and uses JAVA as the programming language. JDBC will be use as the interface between the database and JAVA. The primary goal of this project is to help passengers make flight reservation. The system will be able to find all the flights available fulfilling a passenger’s needs and able to search all flights with a given origin and destination. The system will displayed the arrival and departure times, the flight number and passenger will decide flight reservation based on the displayed information The secondary goal is to provide a means for the airline operators to manager the flights. The operator will be able to put up lists of passengers with over-weight bags for Business and Economy class passengers External Interface Requirements User Interfaces: The Web will be used as an interface with the users Hardware Interfaces No special hardware is required for this product Software Interfaces: Java JDBC Apache Tomcat servlets Oracle 8I SQL server USE CASE Model A user may obtain available seating information for flight between specified locations, for a given date. A user may make a reservation for any available seat(s). A user may cancel an existing reservation. A user may than purchase the ticket. The system functionality is described in more detail using UML Static Model In the model the concept of reservation has been simplified by requiring that all reservations be part of a group reservation, even if a group reservation is for a group of just one. Figure 2. Normalized Information model of a flight seat reservation system annotated to convey meaning easily Figure 3. Formalised dependency derived from figure 2. The X denotes inconsistent dependencies. and 1 the terminal object. This figure represents both theory and model. Figure 4. modifies figure 3 by leaving out the detail of the terminal object. It adds in objects to support flights with multiple segments. A basic flight segment (flight_seg) is a leg of a flight that is the component of the flight between adjacent airports of the flight path. The flight_seg* object is an expression of all contiguous flight path combinations of flight segments, including basic flight segments and segments that include other segments. A static model of information is given in figure 2. The dependencies in this model are re-oriented in figure 3 to show the dependencies more clearly. The dependencies to airport are inconsistent because airport is playing two roles (departure airport and arrival airport). The terminal object is specified by the property that every object must have a unique arrow to it. The terminal object can be interpreted as representing global properties of the system such as the airline company that has the reservation system. Business Option Why ARS is Needed With Airline Reservation System implemented, the airlines may be subjected to many benefits, the benefits are as listed below: Increase in Sales of Tickets With Airline Reservation System, I can track our passengers purchasing preferences and with this I can promote special flight packages to our existing passengers. Passengers’ reservations patterns can also be used to determine the marketable flight and then try to provide more flights and services to fulfill the high demand. Besides, ARS is also capable in increasing passenger loyalty and satisfaction by providing good reservation and services. Reduce in Time and Cost Traditional paper reservation records have many drawbacks: they can be incomplete, torn, worn, misplaced, or lost. They also require a lot of storage space in addition to requiring extensive administrative time from user. With the implementation of ARS, it will prevent data lost with back-up function and decrease in cost and time. It can increase the speed of searching, processing and making reservation. Thus, it gives satisfactory to passengers. From the data stored in the system, it is capable to generate daily/monthly sales report automatically. Users do not have to waste their time to generate the report manually. More Organized Information Flight ticket reservation method has better organization of information for better retrieval with ARS. All other relevant data can be managed and well-organized using the system. Data will be stored in the database accordingly. Thus, user can make a clear view on any data as they wish without any problem. Technical Option Below are the list of features the system should or most have:- Add/Delete Airline Manager Information Add/ Delete Ticketing Staff Information Add/ Delete Flight Information Add/Delete Passenger Information Make Reservation View/Query/Cancel Reservation View/Query on Flight Information View/Query on Passenger Information View/Query on Airline Manager Information View/Query on Ticketing Staff Information Report on Flight, Passenger, Airline Manager and Ticketing Staff Existing Systems I have managed to do a research on the existing automated ARS used in Malaysia Airlines. The airlines reservation system used in Malaysia Airlines is known as KOMMAS. KOMMAS is a DOS-base system that use by MAS for ticket reservation. This system has 25 years history. It had been upgrade for 4 times in these 25 years to add more features in it. Now, they still are using this system to do reservation for customers. All brunch of MAS in overseas are using the same system to do reservation too. The system can check on the departure time and day to specific place. Not only flights that offer by MAS but also flights offered by other airline systems in Malaysia and overseas. For reservation, the reservation person will key in the record and book the tickets. Once booked, the system will check whether the flights or seats is confirm. This system has link to the capacity of the aircraft. For example, this system tells the number of seats occupied and empty seats for each class. If the seats had full, a note will pop up say that seats are full and confirm can not be made. By this function, the reservation person can tells the more accurately about which seats are available to customers. The reservation person will then confirm with customers. Once confirm, the customers will go to the ticketing counter to take the ticket and pay the money. The reservation person will key in the reference number to the system. The information of customers will pop up if he had made the reservation. The deadline for customers to take the tickets is 2 weeks before departure time. If the customers didn’t take the ticket and pay the money before these two weeks, the system will automatically erase the reservation. This is to enable others to do reservation. There is no deposit required in this process. For customers that want to change their flights departure time or date, the reservation person just need to key in the customer’s reference number and change the details. Customers also can cancel the flights if they couldn’t make it. The information of customers will keep by the system for 6 months. After 6 months, the system will automatically delete the passenger information. This system also allows customers to make some special requirement. For example, some people may have elegy to certain food, the reservation person will key in this special requirement for food into the system, so that special meal will be provided to this person. Customers also can choose seat that they prefer. In the other words, this system is customers friendly. Booking is done by reservation department. But ticketing department also can access it and make reservation for customers. Ticketing and reservation department are link to each other, they can access the same database. KOMMAS have a specific code for the user of this system. For persons who make reservation and ticketing, they have the highest accessibility to use the system. For managing level, they just can access the system and check the report of flights and customer’s reservation information. For administration level of this system, they can customize the flights and departure time. System down was happened before. When the system is down, all the ticketing reservation will do manually. The system also has backup the information of all flights and customers’ information. This is to prevent the damage of database due to virus or physical damage. So, there is no reason that they will lose their data. However, this system has its weaknesses. It can not generate report according to the requirement of user. Also, this system has no basic intelligent. User will only get the report after one or two weeks. Due to this system is DOS base, the interface of this system may not attractive. Also, it is not user friendly enough for the user. User will need to memorize all the codes to make reservation, to view reports, to check on flight and etc. Information that shown out from the system is messy. For the beginner user of this system, they will face the difficulties to understand the information shown. For the security part, user do not have own password to get into the system. They get into the system just by using the access code that they had given. Project Plan Gantt Chart The first session of this project is to develop the system’s prototype and interim report. I have divided the first session of tasks into six different parts from Project initiation and planning until presentation. The first task is Project initiation and planning which start on 12 Oct. 2007. Due to the deadline’s I will be expected to spend not more than two weeks to complete the first task. Than the next task is to work on Literature Review in this task I will be researching existing reference for the system and project, I will try to make contact with if possible visit a Local Airline office. The Second session of this project will starts after the submission of interim report and prototype. I will start to prepare the final report; I have divided those tasks mainly on seven different parts from Review on preview project work until presentation. On Thu 06/12/07, I planned to start a very crucial task, which is Analysis and Design. First I will have a analyze the requirement for this project and then I starts to design Entity Relational Diagram and Data Flow Diagram. It will consume most of the time in this task followed by drawing context diagram. The Analysis and Design is expected to finish on Tue 25/12/07. The final task before presentation is development prototype and Report, a prototype will be developed and it will consume most of the time while finalizing report will be the minor part in this task. The first task that I need to do is review on preview project work, which start on Thu, 24/01/08 I will analyze what problem are to be solved and what improvement to be made and design a new project plan. The first task will be expected to spend eight days to complete. The next task will be to update plan and requirement. After completing the review session, I will have the final update for the plan and project requirement. This plan should meet requirement in development a successful database CASE tool. This is expected to take five days to complete. And than, System Design is next which is Database and Software Architecture. I will construct a database to the system for the purpose of enhancement; I will design on screen and repair the data model, which is expected to finish in eight days. The next task is Prototype Review of major modules in this task I will continue to work on the prototype which I have done during the interim report before staring the initial system coding, It is expected to finish Tue, 25/03/08 .After the implementation phase, I will go through the testing phase by constructing a Test Plan and Test Data. I will create an acceptance test and begin system debugging if problem occurs. And this is expected to finish Thu, 17/04/08 The following task is Final Report and Testing Evaluation. In this testing phase, I will continue on the final report, system testing and system evaluation. I will concentrate on the Final Report as well as System Completion towards the end of project development. I need to prepare a well-written and high-quality final report. The final task is the presentation of the project. A good preparation on this presentation phase will insure a good representation of the project. Project Milestones l In the milestones table, it’s mainly divided into four major phases, which the first phase completed by 1 November 2007 while the second phases are expected to be completed by 15 November 2007 including the review presentation. And the final phases will be sub-divided into six tasks and the completion date for each task is stated as the table below No. Tasks Milestone/Date Completed 1 Project Initiation and Planning Wed 24/10/07 2 Literature Review (Research) Wed 05/12/07 3 Analysis and Design Tue 25/12/07 4 Prototype and Report Wed 23/01/08 5. Review on Preview Project Work Mon 18/02/08 6. System Design ( Database Software Architechit) Fri 07/03/08 7. Prototype Review of major Modules Tue 25/03/08 8. Test Plan Test Data Thu 17/04/08 9. Final Draft Testing Evaluation Mon 05/05/08 10. Presentation Thu 15/05/08 Table 1.1: Project Milestones Reference Johnson, M.S.J., R. Rosebrugh and R.J. Wood, 1997. Entity relationship models and sketches, submitted to Mathematical Structures in Computer Science, July, 1997, 18pp.

Genetics of Organisms lab report

Measuring only a few millimeters in length, fruit flies take up a fraction of the room of other organisms such as fish or rats that have also been used in such research. The flies are small enough to be compact, yet large enough to be seen in great detail under a dissecting microscope. Due to their size, cost of food and space to house them is extremely low, making them easily accessible to schools and laboratories every. Veer. The entire life cycle Of the fruit fly is a mere 30 days, 7-12 days of which are spent maturing. 2-15 hours after eggs are laid, larvae emerge for 4 days to grow and feed on toting fruit (which their eggs were laid on) before undergoing a 4 day metamorphosis after which they are adults. The rest of their adult lives are spent eating and mating (Fruit Fly). Females are able to mate as soon as 12-18 hours after the 4 day metamorphosis. Differentiating male and female flies is quite simple; males (left) have sex combs which look like small black dots on their fro nt legs and have fewer dark lines across their abdomen.Females (right) are typically larger and have dark stripes across the abdomen and have an ovipositor extending from the lower abdomen (Lab Seven). Today, fruit flies are being used in stem cell research of gremlin cells. These highly vital gremlin cells become gametes and carry on the evolution of a species. Researchers at the university of Utah have been studying how germ stem cells protect themselves from becoming somatic cells using fruit flies.It all began in 1 922 at Massachusetts Institute of Technology where Ruth Lehmann discovered a gene she named â€Å"Oscar†. Oscar is responsible for adding a vital protein to the plasma of the germ stem cell that when inactive inhibits the production Of germ cells. When it is turned on, germ cells are produced and kept as stem cells through â€Å"extreme transcriptional repression†. During this process, DNA is inhibited from being transcribed to RNA which in turn means no gene expression.This research is delving into the specifics of stem cells which are suspected to hold treatments for many diseases (Scheduler). While our lab wasn't investigating the mechanics of stem cell development, we studied the inheritance of traits though generations of flies. Our objective was to see the different patterns of inheritance that genes can take. To have exults as close to expected as possible we kept temperature, food and light constant throughout all tests as controls and let the mating and passing of traits be the variable.Keeping all other factors constant we hypothesized that if cross A showed monophonic inheritance it would have a 1:2:1 ratio, dibber crosses would have a 9:3:3:1 ratio and sex linked inheritance would show a ratio of inheritance. Materials Fruit Flies (Drosophila Melanomas) Cross A: Sepia female x Wild male Cross 8: Vestigial female x Sepia male Cross C: White female Wild male Colored tape Petri dishes Fruit fly blue media Flyway Plastic vi als (with foam stoppers) Microscopes Paint Brushes Funnels â€Å"Morgue† Ice packs Procedure 1.Obtain a vial of Fl generation flies (either cross A,B, or C and make sure to label the vials as such). The first objective is to remove the flies from the vial without having them fly away. To prevent this, wedge a wand that has been dipped in fly nap between the foam stopper and the vial so that it reaches into the vial to anesthetize the flies. To help immobilizers them, placing the vials in a cool location or on an ice pack can help to calm them as they are Elian on environmental factors. 2.After the flies have been anesthetized, remove them from the vials and place them in Petri dishes with labels matching the vials they came from to avoid confusion. To remove the immobilizers flies from the vial, it is important to be gentle and avoid crushing any flies. The majority of the flies should fall from the vial when it is inverted, but to remove any that are left, a paintbrush can b e very useful to move them without causing them any harm. 3. Once the flies are in Petri dishes, place them on ice packs to prevent the flies from waking up during counting.Place the ice pack and Petri dish under a dissecting microscope. With the help of the microscope, record the sex and phenotype of all flies. To maneuver the flies within the Petri dish, use a paint brush to avoid harm. The characteristics of sexing flies is described in the introduction on page 2. 4. Once the flies have been sorted by sex and phenotype, prepare the vials for the PA generation. Mix equal parts dry food and water and let it set in the vial. Make sure to label the vial with the phenotypes of each parent of the cross. . Once the vials are prepared, begin placing in pairs of male and male flies into the correctly labeled vials. Use paint brushes for moving flies if necessary. Cap these vials and place them in a warm area. These flies will mate and produce the IF generation 6. After the IF vials have b een sitting for approximately 10-12 days, remove the adult flies. By this time the flies will have mated and the female will have laid her eggs. Removing the adults will prevent Fl flies from mating with IF offspring.To do this, carefully use Nap (technique as described in step 1), being aware that fly larvae are more sensitive and may be fatally harmed by â€Å"over-napping†. Remove the flies by inverting the vial and placing the adult Fl flies in the â€Å"morgue† (a jar containing alcohol or baby oil). Then close the vial and allow it to sit for another 12-15 days. 7. After 12-15 days have passed, record the sex and phenotype of all adult flies. As described in steps 1-3 Flyway will be used to anesthetize the flies before they are removed from the vials to be put into Petri dishes for counting.Once all of the flies have been counted and recorded, place them into the â€Å"morgue† and dispose Of all vials. Rest Its Fl Results: Cross A -? Wild Male x Sepia Fema le E – Wild eyes e – Sepia eyes Cross B – Sepia eye normal wing male x Wild eye vestigial wing female beef x Beef Fee Beef Sepia eyes e F – Normal wings f – Vestigial Wings Cross C -? Wild male x White female Exe x EXE Exe Exe e – White eyes IF results: Cross A – Wild male x Wild female Chi-square Analysis Phenotype # Observed # Expected (o-e) (0-e)2 (0-e)2/e Wild eyes 256 260 -4 16 . 615 91 87 4 . 1 83 Chi-square Value . 25 Null Hypothesis: If a monophonic cross is performed between two fruit flies that are both heterozygous for eye color, the expected offspring counts would be in a 3 wild: 1 sepia ratio and would have a chi square value less than 5. 99.

What the In-Crowd Wont Tell You About Motorcycle Essay Topics

What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Motorcycle Essay Topics In reality, nearly all U.S. states require motorists to wear some sort of headgear when riding. The most important issue is from the beginning, riders need considerably more rigorous training. There are a few things a rider can do in the event of an accident to stop major injury to themselves. He will need to think about many things very quickly incase of an accident. Therefore, you're the bumper of the bike. Heavier bikes are more difficult to get rid of control on, but at the exact time or much more difficult to lie down in case of a collision. As anyone acquainted with riding a bicycle will say, riding at a slow speed is much more challenging than riding quickly. If you must move a box or you did a big shopping, you will require a vehicle. Motorcycle Essay Topics - Is it a Scam? Governments ought to prevent child labor. It is very important to comprehend how government functions. The worst of all of the situations is when both parties are trying to pass through an intersection. It is probably that an individual may not locate a specific topic interesting which others might. Examine the outcome of eating in class. Consider the source of students' unwillingness to receive up early in the morning. There are different kinds of cause and effect that someone may take into account. Although the issue keeps growing, there's much to be done in order to put down the issue and save lives. People that have a smoking authority figure in their lives (for example, a parent) are much more likely to begin smoking later in life. As the connection between care and ways identify and skilled life. Keeping a motorcycle is extremely inexpensive. Following are various sorts of essay topics for students that are categorized in many sections so you can easily chose the topic in accordance with your need and requirement. Motorcycle safety education is supplied throughout the USA by organisations that range from state agencies to non-profit organisations to corporations. There's, clearly, a limit on the variety of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but usually, we figure out how to satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. Whenever you opt to ask us for skilled aid, don't hesitate to get in touch with our support managers. Even in the event the deadline is actually tight, feel free to get hold of our managers. Well, here you'll locate distinctive items for every single college student. There are several different kinds of motorcycle helmets. Motorcycles are dangerous to ride, not just because they're open and only two wheeled, but the majority of people in a large city do not start looking for motorcycles. Lots of people who don't have the money to purchase a car can afford a little motorcycle. The young men are on an obligation to learn more about the various parts of the world they hadn't ever visited before. NASCAR is among the most popular car races throughout the world. Motorcycles have to be leaned in order to create turns. They do not have the stability of cars because they must be balanced. Riding is just a lot of fun. Convenience was the main goal as soon as the Kilt Kit was designed. Imagine the simplicity and convenience of having all your kilts and accessories in 1 place. What Motorcycle Essay Topics Is - and What it Is Not Also state when you have photos or not. Lifestyle image is the thing that influences people to purchase in the image in place of the functionality of the item. How to begin an insect collection. The usage of NFL jerseys is extremely common. With personalized jerseys of the NFL, you're sure that you've got the ideal design. The audio business is mafia-like controlled and thus the CD prices are high. Locating a cheap NFL jersey has been a daunting undertaking for a number of the hardcore fans no matter the team they support for.

A Philosophical Framework For A Project - 1180 Words

Working on a project has always been requiring doing a deep philosophical framework in order to be as informative and interesting to be read as it can. bring the best results. Moreover, putting a philosophical framework in projects is supposed to be a critical issue. In addition to this, in order to show clearly the aim as well as the focus of the project, each step must be appropriate, and ‘fit’ if we want to talk with the language of modern research philosophies. Projects should also be characterized by a logical cohesion, so philosophical approaches should be placed correctly while organizing the plan for a project. To start with, this essay discusses the different research philosophies as well as gives many different authors’ views. First of all, in every kind of project, philosophy should be put into it. Philosophy is the use of nonconcrete ideas and views that notify our study (Creswell, page 16). Research philosophy can be defined as the development of the research background, research knowledge and its nature (Saunders and Thornhill, 2007). Research philosophy is also defined with the help of research paradigm. In the words of Cohen, Manion and Morrison (2000), research paradigm can be defined as the broad framework, which comprises perception, beliefs and understanding of several theories and practices that are used to conduct a research. It can also be characterized as a precise procedure, which involves various steps through which a researcher creates aShow MoreRelatedA Theoretical Framework Of Disability Employment1333 Words   |  6 Pagesonline surveys, pilot focus groups and semi-structured interviews. The intention of the pilot studies is to help aid and refine my methodology and to contribute to the development of the conceptual framework. The goal of the interviews and focus groups will be to gather data to establish a theoretical framework of disability employment. 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